Geophysics a class of borehole seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data, for obtaining images of higher resolution than surface seismic images and for looking ahead of the drill bit. Ep0202745a2 method for moveout correction and stacking. Using timelapse threedimensional vertical seismic profiling. Vertical seismic profiles fundamentals of geophysical. In his analysis of how newly developing seismic methods could be used to map geological structures, barton 1929 referred to fessendens earlier work and described possible uses of seismic. Dsisoft is a free software package for vertical seismic profiling vsp data released by the bureau of geological survey of canada, which runs under matlab5.
The images produced by conventional vertical seismic profile vsp imaging methods often suffer from the problems of illumination limitation and uncompleted wavefield separation. This is because the reliability of seismic attributes, particularly those related to shear modulus, as estimated by avo analysis or prestack inversion is dominated by the lack of fidelity in the raw data recorded by a vertical sensor in conventional seismic surveys. The rudiments of vertical seismic profiling vsp and crosswell profiling cwp can thus be traced back more than 80 years to the date of this patent. Multioffset vertical seismic profiles vsps from the kola superdeep borehole sg3, as part of a larger seismic study of the kola region conducted during the spring of 1992, sample the dipping. Routine wellbased measurements such as rock cuttings and electric logs record local information, often just centimeters from the well.
The use of distributed acoustic sensing for 4d monitoring. Pdf a guide to current uses of vertical seismic profiles. Jun 03, 2015 a practical use of vertical seismic profiles stratigraphic calibration of 3d seismic data, geological circular 974. Application of vertical seismic profiling for the characterisation of. Being the deepest penetration into upper ocean crust, the vertical seismic profile at hole 504b offers the best opportunity to date to relate the geology of upper crust to seismic parameters. Vertical seismic profilingtechnique, applications, and case histories. Vertical seismic profiling and integration with reflection. The reasons for this are usually a practical nature. The vertical seismic profile vsp is a technique based on the register of acoustic travel time recording the duration of the passage of a signal from the source through the earth and back to the receiver. Vertical seismic profiling vsp and downhole logging carried out on ocean drilling. The data are linked by a vertical seismic profile vsp that allows the accurate determination of the travel time from the surface to various geologic units. Vertical seismic profiling vsp is the most common implementation of well seismic surveying. Integrating vertical seismic profiling vsp data for safe. From vertical seismic profile vsp data, one can get a we describe a technique for performing optimal, good estimate of the effective source field close to a reflec leastsquares deconvolution of vertical seismic profile tor.
Interpretation of azimuthal vertical seismic profile. During the past two decades vertical seismic profiles vsps helped to improve seismic reflection data processing and interpretation. A single nearoffset, oversea ice vertical seismic profile vsp was collected in the and2a drill hole as a part of the logging program. Application of timelapse full waveform inversion of.
Facies differentiation of the malm by interpretation of. Seismic methods are frequently used for the purpose of monitoring of timelapse changes introduced by co2 sequestration. Vertical seismic profile synthetics by dynamic ray tracing in. A vsp is some collection of seismograms recorded from the surface to a borehole. A new system for efficiently acquiring vertical seismic. Sites 948 and 949 relative to the seismic location of the decollement was not precisely known. Whereas the sound source is a commonly used marine geophysical survey source, the receiver is a seismometer clamped in. It can either write one file for each receiver depth or one file for each receiver offset, depending on whether tx seismograms are wanted or vsps are wanted. Fluid substitution modeling to determine sensitivity of time. The seismic source used to obtain the vsp seismic data was offset a desired distance from a borehole, the method comprising the steps of.
Elastic full waveform inversion of vertical seismic profile. In recent years, many applications of 3d vsp technology have been presented. In geophysics, vertical seismic profile vsp is a technique of seismic measurements used for correlation with surface seismic data. Pdf vertical seismic profile results from the kola. The vsp geometry differs from underway geophysical surveying. Principles, volume 14a, geophysical press, londonamsterdam. A vertical seismic profile vsp survey involves placing sensors in a borehole to record the passage of energy transmitted using a source of seismic energy. Multichannel wiener deconvolution of vertical seismic profiles jakob b. However, full waveform inversion fwi may be used for the purpose of quantitative interpretation. Processing and interpretation of threecomponent vertical. Bob hardage, one of our colleagues, recently shared a remarkable story that highlights the history of vertical seismic profiling vsp. Successful prediction of depth and velocity using look.
Alejandro martinez and michael jones, fundamentals of borehole seismic technology. Timelapse walkaway vertical seismic profile monitoring. Reverse time migration of 3d vertical seismic profile data. A method is described for converting vertical seismic profiling vsp seismic data to surface seismic data. Bob has been both a researcher and proponent of the technique since its inception in the mid50s. The 9c vertical seismic profile is capable of generating pwave mode and the fundamental swave mode shsh and svsv directly at the source station and. A practical use of vertical seismic profilesstratigraphic calibration of 3d seismic data downloadable pdf.
The objective of this survey was to model the extent of the co. One of the techniques used to determine the source wavelet for deconvolution is through vsp vertical seismic profile survey. Developments, trends and future directions in vertical. For these reasons, we collected vertical seismic profiles vsps, which can provide a better tie between the seismic data and the loggingcork data, because vsps are collected in terms of depth downhole and traveltime. The sensors are usually contained within sondes that are coupled to the borehole wall using mechanical clamps. Dec 07, 2016 vertical seismic profiles a vertical seismic profile vsp is recorded in essentially the same way as a checkshot survey. Checkshots and vertical seismic profiles aapg wiki. The experiments were planned to be run in two parts. Timelapse walkaway vertical seismic profile monitoring for co2 injection at the sacroc enhanced oil recovery field. Standard vsp data processing workflow does not provide a quantitative estimate of the timelapse changes in the physical properties.
Obc, vertical seismic profile vsp, and 3c seismic data processing. Vertical seismic profiles vsp were introduced into the geotechnical program in 1983 on a trial basis. The reservoir interval is a morrowan age fluvial sandstone deposited in an incised valley at about 2800 m depth, with porous sands between 10 to 25 m thick. The source is at the earths surface near the borehole. A seismic layout technique and a processing technique for providing better data acquisition relative to salt domes which utilizes a line of sources in a selected pattern opposite a salt flank from a well bore, and a plurality of spaced receivers are disposed along the well bore for coaction with energy from said plural source location to record an array of multifold data. The interpretation was based mainly on the laterally stacked vertical component of the vsp data. Various methods for acquiring vertical seismic profiles oil field glossar y schumberger.
Look ahead rig source vertical seismic profile vsp. It consists of a seismic source at the surface, close to the borehole. Field techniquesfor the field layout of a seismic survey, independent of reflection or refraction, we need a seismic source, several seismic receivers geophones connected by cable, and. The software contains the different standards of seismic data reading and writing, editing, sorting, filtering and other standards of the processing module. Reverse time migration of 3d vertical seismic profile data ying shi1 and yanghua wang2 abstract reverse time migration rtm has shown increasing advantages in handling seismic images of complex subsurface media, but it has not been used widely in 3d seismic data due to the large storage and computation requirements. Vertical seismic profiling and its exploration potential springerlink. Azimuthal vertical seismic profile vsp data lee and miller, 1985 were analyzed and interpreted in order to delineate the lateral extent of the lower coastal sand bodies in the mesaverde group at rifle, colo. Chapter 7 each article has been modified to comply with input from the thesis examination committee. A program for rapid computation of multioffset vertical. Wiener deconvolution of vertical seismic profiles october 1994, geophysics 59, pp. Arco the multiple reflections are not so severe as with the marine data shown elsewhere in this chapter. Oct 03, 2016 interest is the use of 4d vertical seismic profiles centered on co 2 injection wells to cost effectively monitor plume growth and distribution. A vertical seismic profile vsp is a measurement in which the seismic waves are recorded by geophones secured in a borehole for a seismic source at the surface of the earth. Noisy seismic travel time data units of s from equallyspaced every 20 m seismometers deployed in a m deep vertical seismic profile experiment the same geometry as in example 4.
The method is a twostep process that involves 1 estimating the source signature and. The version synspec produces either power spectra or amplitude spectra of the response. The board, in consultation with the operator, may request the operator to acquire a vertical seismic profile vsp, where it would. Vertical seismic profiles 2477 the figure in table 2 for the offset vsp geometry is taken from mccollum and larue 193 1 and is typical of the early. Fluid substitution modeling to determine sensitivity of. The vertical axis is travel time from zero to one second. The main goal of the active seismic methods is to locate fracture zones in the crystalline bedrock. A new system surveys for efficiently acquiring vertical seismic profile. Vertical seismic profile an overview sciencedirect topics. Timelapse walkaway vertical seismic profile monitoring for. Purely defined, vsp refers to measurements made in a vertical wellbore using geophones inside the wellbore and a source at the surface near the well. Rotation of orthogonal shearwave sources does not appear to be com.
Although the vertical seismic profiling vsp technique has become a re quirement in some geological provinces to aid the geophysical analyst and processor. The project is part of longterm sequestration of co2 from a coalfired power plant. A vertical seismic profile vsp seismologists always welcome the additional information from a vertical seismic profile vsp. Various methods for acquiring vertical seismic profiles oil field glossary schumberger. In this paper, we will describe the mbm system, its deployment for co 2 monitoring at. Seismic data processing software free download source code. This measurement, known as a vertical seismic profile vsp, furnishes the opportunity to investigate wave propagation in the shallow earth. Vertical seismic profiling history, science and geopolitics. The last step is the processing and interpretation of the results. The vertical seismic profile vsp is one of the key tools in determining this relationship. Plans are to use longer reflection seismic profiles 3.
Us4926393a multifold vertical seismic profile acquisition. The use of vertical seismic profiling in geotechnical site. However, with the increase in uncertainties while drilling, the application of vsp as a predrill and syndrill tool is increasing significantly. Analysis of multicomponent walkaway vertical seismic profile data. A vertical seismic profile vsp is a measurement in which a seismic signal generated at the surface of the earth is recorded by geophones secured at various. A joint imaging method of vertical seismic profiling data. Pdf computer processing of vertical seismic profile data. In this chapter the socalled vertical seismic profile vsp is discussed.
In vertical seismic profile vsp technique, the direct arrivals are recorded in addition to the reflections below current sensor depth, which makes it feasible to use the reflections to predict ahead of current depth, detailed methodology will be discussed in the paper. Quality factor is also the crucial point of seismic attenuate in vsp data. Walsh abstract we describe a technique for performing optimal, leastsquares deconvolution of vertical seismic profile vsp data. Pdf multichannel wiener deconvolution of vertical seismic. A vertical seismic profile vsp stanford university. A case study di yang1, alison malcolm 2, michael fehler, and lianjie huang3 abstract geologic carbon storage involves largescale injections of carbon dioxide into underground geologic formations. Purchase of an open document does not constitute license for republication in any form, nor does it allow web posting without prior written permission. Multifold vertical seismic profile acquisition method and technique for imaging the flank of a salt dome download pdf info publication number us4926393a. Introduction the malm upper jurassic which is present in most parts of the southern german upper austrian molasse basin is isolines of geothermal resources million gj temperatures 100 c 50. Analysis of multicomponent walkaway vertical seismic. Multichannel weiner deconvolution of vertical seismic profiles.
Vertical seismic profiling commonly abbreviated to the name vsp is a major technique in geophysical explora tion, which involves measuring downgoing and. Vertical seismic profiling is a powerful tool from which travel times, wave amplitudes, and reflection coefficient data can be acquired, offering a more detailed seismic view of the subsurface in the vicinity of the borehole than conventional surface seismic data. Abstract in vertical seismic profiles vsps shot with a large source offset, rays from shot to receiver can have large angles of incidence. Due to its geometry, a vsp survey is used principally to calibrate surface seismic data by giving an accurate depthtime measurement to geological features. The vertical seismic profile vsp in az03 injection well. In many cases, vertical seismic profiles vsp must be conducted with the source placed at considerable distance from the well. Application of timelapse full waveform inversion of vertical. Azimuthal vertical seismic profiles at multiwell experiment site. A vertical seismic profile vsp survey involves placing sensors in a borehole. Successful prediction of depth and velocity using lookahead.
U k orizons g etermination via vpvs and qfactor g ata. In addition, vertical seismic profile data can be used to assess parameters in areas such as deconvolution and signal band width for the evaluation of conventional seismic data. Vertical seismic profile vsp is occasionally applied as an aux. Interpretation of azimuthal vertical seismic profile survey. Also, a vsp uses the reflected energy contained in the.
The defining characteristic of a vsp of which there are many types is that either the energy source, or the detectors or sometimes both are in a borehole. Figure 1 high resolution vsi imaging a ows to reinterpret horizon dipping and fault location wd vsp jnagg rgnngd. Pdf vertical seismic profiles vsps are a powerful tool in a variety of seismic exploration situations. Zerooffset vertical seismic profiles we collected zerooffset vsps at sites 948 97470. The data used in this study were acquired by ninecomponent 9c vertical seismic profile vsp, using three orthogonal vector sources. A practical use of vertical seismic profilesstratigraphic. The target depth for these seismic profiles is 100. A joint imaging method of vertical seismic profiling data by. Vertical seismic profile synthetic seismograms for layered media dennis lindwall ot i c seafloor sciences branch electe marine geosciences division o8, q 9 1994 subhashis mallick 0.
Vertical seismic profiling open energy information. Application of 3d vertical seismic profile multicomponent data to tight gas sands geophysical prospecting, 2012. Geophysics a type of vertical seismic profile in which the source is moved to progressively farther offset at the surface and receivers are held in a fixed location, effectively providing a mini 2d seismic line that can be of higher resolution than surface seismic data and provides more continuous coverage than an offset vsp. A vertical seismic profile vsp is a measurement in which the waves are seismic recorded by geophones secured in a borehole seismic sourcefor a at the surface of the earth. In order to separate the effects of aniso tropy from the effects of structural variations. The main use of vertical seismic profiling vsp, which provides velocity information and highfrequency images, has been mostly restricted to post drill analysis. Acquisition and processing of azimuthal vertical seismic profiles at. A vertical seismic profile vsp and a moving source vsp were carried out for detailed exploration of the vicinity of the production borehole.
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