The clinician should be aware that norm are created for the healthy adult, and each patients lab value should be interpreted within the context of the patients current medical status. Assess laboratory data and physical signs and symptoms in the evaluation of fluid status anddehydration. Nursing mnemonics and acronyms acidbase, fluids, and. Serum is the part of blood that doesnt contain cells. These are minerals that are present in our body tissues, blood, body fluids, and urine. It is critical to appreciate that there are no normal values for these parameters, only expected values relative to clinical situations. Their measured values are not diagnostic of any disease in and of. Fecal analysis for occult blood, white blood cells, or quali tative fecal fat. An electrolyte panel, also known as a serum electrolyte test, is a blood test that measures levels of the bodys main electrolytes. They are infrequently measured in clinical settings, and when they are it is usually in intensivecritical care units. Lab value interpretation for nurses emergency department nursing.
Electrolyte imbalances occur across many different diagnostic categories. Kendall wyatt explains a simplified way to get started understanding electrolytes imbalances and the associated lab values. Laboratory values and interpretation a nurses ultimate. Sep 12, 20 learn the correct interpretation of a single laboratory electrolyte abnormality. These 22 pages includes all you need to perform methodological ecg interpretation. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help control the amount of fluids and the balance of acids and bases in your body.
We have therefore compiled a pocket guide with a universal interpretation algorithm. Com is presenting a series of courses on lab values. Printable electrolytes bundle and free cardiovascular. Lab values for this course are taken from the rush medical laboratory rush university medical center, 2012. This course book is intended solely for individual use, and not for the benefit of providing. Apart from memorizing lab values as well as the signs and symptoms of having electrolyte imbalances, you also have to know how to interpret the values and create a nursing care plan for your patients condition. Printable electrolytes bundle and free cardiovascular study. Half of the lab in pairs will measure electrolytes while the other half again in pairs. Pdf determination of normal blood biochemistry electrolytes and. Fluid and electrolytes in adult parenteral nutrition by. Its a great introduction for those that want a simple overview, and its also great for students looking for a quick recap that covers the most. An lpn should understand the rationale for conducting specific diagnostic and laboratory tests when delivering care, as well as the implications of the results of those tests. Failure to perform systematic interpretation may actually be detrimental. The tests in a clinical chemistry laboratory measure concentrations of biologically important ions salts and minerals, small organic molecules and large macromolecules primarily proteins.
Fluids and electrolytes nursing care management and study guide. Liver damage, hemolysis, billary obstruction alkaline phosphatase normally 25normally 25160 iul160 iul. Being able to not only interpret lab values low vs. Interpreting chemistry and hematology for adult patients. Common lab values, electrolyte values, sodium, potassium. Pediatric selfassessment program reference values for common laboratory tests 1 reference values for common laboratory testsa serum chemistries reference range albumin premature 1 day 1. Acidosis and alkalosis describe the abnormal conditions that result from an imbalance in the ph of the blood caused by an excess of. Common electrolytes imbalances, normal range, disturbances. Potassium is the major positive ion cation inside of cells and is controlled very carefully by the kidneys. Laboratory tests interpretation nurses learning network. Pdf the laboratory is an important part of medical diagnostic procedure, adding.
Describe the anatomy of the kidney and nephron and production of urine. Our lab values book solves this problem by making you learn the basic fundamentals first before you dive into the details with other, more detailed, medical books. Jan 30, 2021 in this section of the nclexrn examination, you will be expected to demonstrate your knowledge and skills of laboratory values in order to. Sep 12, 2011 information on normal laboratory values adapted from. Consult your local laboratory for guidelines as to normal values for the specific testing procedures used. Basic skills in interpreting laboratory data, 5th edition. Volume status is regulated through the monitoring of systemic solute per unit volume, or osmolarity. Hb is the protein which carries oxygen in the blood and, hence, is the most important value to look at. Common laboratory tests carbon dioxide content co2aka bicarbbicarbonate is an electrolyte, a negatively charged ion that is used by the body to help maintain the bodys acidbase ph balance. As a student, those things can really overwhelm you. Download the pocket guide to ecg interpretation pdf ecg.
Vital signs are an important diagnostic clue, especially if the patients values when she was previously well are available for comparison. Important electrolytes include calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Common analytes clinical chemistry is the branch of laboratory medicine that focuses primarily on molecules. Selected normal pediatric laboratory values all laboratory values listed are approximate. The urine electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride are principally used as nutritional indicators in healthy persons. So, we need to replenish electrolytes by consuming electrolyte enriched fluids, foods and mineral supplements.
Everything you need to know about laboratory medicine and its importance in the diagnosis of diseases by david andersson, medical creations, et al. Pediatrics population lab values range is not included above. Laboratory values see inside back cover for continuation. Download the pocket guide to ecg interpretation pdf. A list of abbreviations for test names is included on the books endpapers. Strong electrolytes strong acids, strong bases, soluble ionic compounds weak electrolytes weak acids, weak bases, insoluble ionic compounds non electrolytes molecular or covalent compounds procedure. Pedsap 01 boo fluids, electrolytes, and utrition 7 fluids and electrolytes 1. Sodium, potassium, and chloride levels are usually measured as part of a basic metabolic panel. Mar 30, 2012 lab values for this course are taken from the rush medical laboratory rush university medical center, 2012. It is critical to appreciate that there are no normal values for these parameters, only expected value.
Total amount of active electrolyte particles in solution in the blood. Values took on the mission of updating the laboratory values interpretation. See more ideas about nursing labs, lab values, nursing lab values. Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests date dka. Recognize how a pattern of abnormalities can represent a particular disease state. Pdf on jan 1, 20, dileep n lobo and others published basic concepts of fluid and electrolyte balance find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. They also help control muscle and nerve activity, heart rhythm, and other important functions. This guide book will be apply for the opinion of the department members to enrich it. Evaluation of labs by nursing staff is a critical function. In australia, harsh summer environmental exposure, with resulting dehydration, is just one example of a potential root cause 1.
Remember that there is some variation in ranges based on the laboratory, so be aware of the normal ranges for your facility. Jun 12, 2018 studying fluid and electrolytes is ridiculously hard and theres no denying that. In this section, well be discussing the normal laboratory values of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, including their indications and nursing considerations. Click here to contact me with questions about your laboratory results i do not volley emails back and forth because it is just too time consuming to keep track of who is responding to what email. Pdf basic concepts of fluid and electrolyte balance. Similar to laboratory values, trends over time are more helpful than singular, random numbers. Nov 24, 2017 the electrolytes blood test, also known as electrolyte panel blood test, is a test done to assess the levels of the major electrolytes. Laboratory values interpretation resource apta acute care.
Electrolytes test normal value function significance sodium na 4143 mmoll increased in cushings syndrome potassium k 3. Electrolyte panels might change with intravenous infusio. Half of the lab in pairs will measure electrolytes while the other half again in pairs works on the post lab questions. The functions and normal range values for these electrolytes are described below. If you have a health question, please read about signs and symptoms before our conversation this is a brief summary of lab value interpretation and is not intended in any way to be comprehensive. Analysis of patients dna for specific mutations, or linked. List of electrolytes and their normal range phartoonz. Electrolytes blood test results, electrolytes imbalance. Our body drains electrolytes when we sweat or do some strenuous activity. It can be helpful in diagnosing fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Data were statistically analysed using spss, version 9 and. Mosbys canadian manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests. It is said that approximately 6070% of decision making in medicine is done based on the results of laboratory tests.
These laboratory tests are helpful in determining the kidney function of an. Lets face it, the skill of being able to interpret laboratory investigations and to understand the science behind it is extremely important in the field of medicine. Although the reports we receive often indicate high or low values, understanding the true meaning of these values in the context of the patients condition, history and other factors is critical to safe care of the patient. Electrolyte panel is very useful in assessing acid base balance in a number of medical conditions. Upon completion of this course, one should be able to. Interpretation of the full blood count red blood cells constituents of the red cell count haemoglobin hb. Electrolyte imbalances and lab values made easy with. Electrolytes are chemical substances that are found naturally in the body. Sodium, which helps control the amount of fluid in the body. Explain the significance of the components of a routine urinalysis. The outline was created to assist the clinician with lab value considerations for the general population. Jun 29, 2017 the ecg must always be interpreted systematically. Electrolytes test test results, normal range, cost and more. Sodium, the most prominent electrolyte solute in extracellular fluid, is used to.
Create differential diagnoses for abnormalities in sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate total carbon dioxide, serum osmolarity, ph, and the urine electrolytes. Serum osmolality measures the number of all dissolved particles in the serum electrolytes, urea, sugar. The course lists common diagnostic and lab tests and values in an. It is routinely ordered to give the doctor an insight into a possible electrolyte imbalance, which could be causing a variety of health conditions. Introduction a variety of laboratory tests are done in the neonatal period on a routine basis, many as pointofcare testing. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly. It is important for the proper functioning of the nerves and muscles, particularly the heartbeat. Reference values for common laboratory tests 1 reference values for common laboratory testsa serum chemistries reference range albumin premature 1 day 1. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values study with clpna. Laboratory values essentially provide data in an objective form that relates to the patients health. Nov 15, 2018 this is a digital pdf file that you print yourself this informative bundle of 8.
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